Composition and liquid crystal display device using the same

ABSTRACT

Provided is a composition that contains at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulae (i) and (ii) and at least one selected from compounds represented by general formula (iii). Moreover, a liquid crystal display device using the composition and an IPS or FFS device that uses the composition are provided.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a composition that has positivedielectric anisotropy (Δε) useful as a liquid crystal display material,and a liquid crystal display device using the same.

BACKGROUND ART

Liquid crystal display devices are being used in watches, calculators,various measurement instruments, automobile panels, word processors,electronic organizers, printers, computers, televisions, clocks,advertising boards, etc. Representative examples of liquid crystaldisplay modes include twisted nematic (TN) mode, super twisted nematic(STN) mode, and vertical alignment mode and in-plane-switching (IPS)mode that use thin film transistors (TFTs). The liquid crystalcompositions used in these liquid crystal display devices are requiredto be stable against external factors such as moisture, air, heat, andlight, exhibit a liquid crystal phase in a temperature range as wide aspossible around room temperature, have low viscosity, and operate at lowdrive voltage. The liquid crystal compositions are composed of severalto dozens of compounds in order to optimize dielectric anisotropy (Δε)and/or refractive index anisotropy (Δn), etc., for each individualdisplay device.

A vertical alignment (VA) display uses a liquid crystal compositionhaving negative Δε. A horizontal alignment display such as a TN mode,STN mode or in-plane-switching (IPS) mode display uses a liquid crystalcomposition having positive Δε. Also reported is a drive mode with whicha liquid crystal composition with positive Δε is vertically aligned inthe absence of voltage and display is conducted by applying a horizontalelectric field. The need for liquid crystal compositions having positiveΔε is increasing as ever. Meanwhile, low-voltage driving, high speedresponse, and a wide operation temperature range are required in alldriving modes. In other words, positive Δε with a large absolute value,a low viscosity (η), and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phasetransition temperature (Tni) are required. Moreover, due to setting ofΔn×d, namely, the product of Δn and cell gap (d), Δn of the liquidcrystal composition must be adjusted to an appropriate level accordingto the cell gap. In order to apply liquid crystal display devices totelevisions and the like, high-speed response is important and thus aliquid crystal composition having a low rotational viscosity (γ1) isrequired.

As a structure of a high-speed-response-oriented liquid crystalcomposition, a liquid crystal composition has been disclosed in which aliquid crystal compound represented by formula (A-1) or (A-2) havingpositive Δε is used in combination with a liquid crystal compound (B)having neutral Δε (PTL 1 to PTL 4).

As usage of liquid crystal display devices expands, large changes havebeen seen in the way they are manufactured and used. In order to copewith these changes, optimization of properties other than the basicphysical property values known in the art has become necessary. In otherwords, more VA-mode and IPS-mode liquid crystal display devices that useliquid crystal compositions are being used, and super large screendisplay devices of 50 or more have been introduced into the market andused. As the substrate size increases, the mainstream method forinjecting a liquid crystal composition into a substrate has shifted froma conventional vacuum injection method to a one-drop-fill (ODF) method,and this causes a problem of display quality degradation caused by dropmarks that occur as the liquid crystal composition is dropped onto thesubstrate.

Moreover, in a liquid crystal display device production process by theODF method, the optimum amount of the liquid crystal dropped must beadjusted in accordance with the size of the liquid crystal displaydevice. If the amount dropped significantly deviates from the optimumvalue, the balance between refractive index and driving electric fieldof the liquid crystal device preliminarily designed is no longerretained, and display failures such as nonuniformity and contrastfailures occur. In particular, small-size liquid crystal display deviceswidely used in now prevailing smart phones involve a small optimumliquid crystal injection amount, and thus it is difficult to controldeviation from the optimum value to be within a particular range. Thus,in order to achieve high yield in producing liquid crystal displaydevices, the liquid crystal must have properties that can resist impactand sudden pressure fluctuations within a dropping device duringdropping of the liquid crystal, and be capable of being stably andcontinuously dropped over a long period of time.

In sum, a liquid crystal composition used in an active matrix drivingliquid crystal display device driven by TFT elements and the like isrequired to maintain properties and performance, such as high-speedresponse, required by liquid crystal display devices; furthermore, thereare needs for development that further improves stability againstexternal factors such as light and heat (PTL 5 and PTL 6) and achieveshigh resistivity and high voltage holding ratio which have beenpreviously considered important from the viewpoint of a productionmethod for a liquid crystal display device.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2008-037918

PTL 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2008-038018

PTL 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2010-275390

PTL 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2011-052120

PTL 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2006-169472

PTL 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-124529

PTL 7: Japanese Patent No. 5522314

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystalcomposition that exhibits a liquid crystal phase over a wide temperaturerange, has low viscosity, excellent solubility at low temperatures, andhigh resistivity and voltage holding ratio, is stable against heat andlight, rarely causes display failures such as image-sticking and dropmarks, enables high-yield production of liquid crystal display deviceshaving excellent display quality, and has positive or negative Δε. Aliquid crystal display device that uses the liquid crystal compositionis also provided.

Solution to Problem

The inventors of the present invention have studied various liquidcrystal compounds and various chemical substances and found that theproblem described above can be resolved by combining particular liquidcrystal compounds. Thus, the present invention has been made.

Provided are a composition that contains at least one selected from thegroup consisting of compounds represented by general formulae (i) and(ii) and at least one selected from compounds represented by generalformula (iii), a liquid crystal display device that uses thecomposition, and an IPS or FFS device that uses the composition.

(In the formulae, R^(i1), R^(ii1), and R^(iii1) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may eachindependently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or—OCO—,

n^(i1) and n^(ii1) each represent an integer of 0 to 8,

n^(i2) and n^(ii2) each represent an integer of 1 to 4,

A^(i1) and A^(ii1) each independently represent a group selected fromthe group consisting of

(a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent—CH₂— in this group may each be substituted with —O—) and

(b) a 1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent —CH═ inthis group may each be substituted with —N═),

the group (a) and the group (b) may each independently be substitutedwith a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom but when two ormore A^(i1) and/or A^(ii1) are present, they may be the same ordifferent,

E^(iii1) represents —O— or —CH₂—,

X^(ii1) and X^(ii2) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or ahalogen, and

R^(i2) and R^(ii2) each independently represent an alkyl group having 1to 8 carbon atoms and one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in thealkyl group may each independently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—,—O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—.)

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The liquid crystal composition having a positive or negative dielectricanisotropy according to the present invention exhibits a liquid crystalphase over a wide temperature range, has significantly low viscositycompared to the conventional technology and excellent low-temperaturesolubility, and undergoes little change in resistivity and voltageholding ratio under heat or light. Thus, the liquid crystal compositionaccording to the present invention has high practical applicability(usefulness) to liquid crystal products and a liquid crystal displaydevice such as those of IPS or FFS type that uses the liquid crystalcomposition can achieve high-speed response. The liquid crystalcomposition according to the present invention can stably exhibit itsperformance even after the composition has gone through the liquidcrystal display device production process; thus, display failuresattributable to the production process are suppressed and liquid crystaldisplay devices can be produced in high yield. Thus, the composition ishighly useful.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

A composition according to the present invention preferably exhibits aliquid crystal phase at room temperature (25° C.) and more preferablyexhibits a nematic phase. The composition of the present inventioncontains a substantially dielectrically neutral compound (Δε value of −2to 2) and a compound having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε valuegreater than 2). The dielectric anisotropy of the compound is a valueobtained by extrapolation based on the observed dielectric anisotropy ofthe composition prepared by adding the compound to a substantiallydielectrically neutral composition at 25° C. In the description below,the content is described in % which means % by mass.

The liquid crystal composition according to the subject applicationcontains at least one selected from the group consisting of compoundsrepresented by general formulae (i) and (ii) and at least one selectedfrom compounds represented by general formula (iii). One or both of thecompounds represented by general formulae (i) and (ii) may be used. Whencompounds represented by general formula (i) are to be used, onecompound represented by general formula (i) may be used or two, three,four, or more compounds represented by general formula (i) may be used.When compounds represented by general formula (ii) are to be used, onecompound represented by general formula (ii) may be used or two, three,four, or more compounds represented by general formula (ii) may be used.

In general formulae (i) and (ii), R^(i1) and R^(ii1) preferably eachrepresent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, oran alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably each represent ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenylgroup having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably each represent ahydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and yet morepreferably each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethylgroup.

In the formulae, n^(i1) and n^(ii1) preferably each represent an integerof 0 to 4 and preferably each represent 0 or 2.

are each preferably any one of groups represented by formula (R1) toformula (R5):

If improving viscosity, stability of the liquid crystal phase at lowtemperatures, and Δε is important, n^(i2) and n^(ii2) preferably eachrepresent 1 or 2. If improving the liquid crystal phase upper limittemperature and elastic constant is important, 2, 3, or 4 is preferable.If striking a balance is important, 1 or 2 is preferable.

If Δn needs to be high, A^(i1) and A^(ii1) are preferably aromatic. Inorder to improve response speed, aliphatic is preferable. Morepreferably, A^(i1) and A^(ii1) each independently represent any one ofthe following structures:

Yet more preferably, A^(i1) and A^(ii1) each independently represent atrans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, or a3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group.

Preferably, one of X^(ii1) and X^(ii2) represents a hydrogen atom andthe other represents a fluorine atom. Alternatively, X^(iii1) andX^(ii2) preferably both represent a hydrogen atom.

R^(i2) and R^(ii2) preferably each represent an alkyl group having 1 to8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenylgroup having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8carbon atoms, preferably each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 5carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenylgroup having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 5carbon atoms, more preferably each represent an alkyl group having 1 to5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and yetmore preferably each represent an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atomsor an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms.

If reliability is important, R^(i2) and R^(ii2) each preferablyrepresent an alkyl group. If decreasing the viscosity is important, analkenyl group is preferable.

If the ring structure R^(i2) and R^(ii2) are bonded to is a phenyl group(aromatic), a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, astraight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an alkenylgroup having 4 or 5 carbon atoms are preferred. If the ring structurethey are bonded to is a saturated ring structure such as cyclohexane,pyran, or dioxane, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and astraight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are preferred.In order to stabilize the nematic phase, the total number of carbonatoms and, if exist at all, oxygen atoms is preferably 5 or less and astraight-chain structure is preferred.

The alkenyl group is preferably selected from the groups represented byformula (R1) to formula (R5) (the black dot in each formula represents acarbon atom in the ring structure).

One, two, three, or four or more compounds represented by generalformula (iii) may be used.

In general formula (iii), R^(iii1) preferably represents an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy grouphaving 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably represents an alkyl group having1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, analkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably represents an alkyl group having 1to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, yetmore preferably represents an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms oran alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and most preferablyrepresents an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

The composition according to the present invention contains at least oneselected from the group consisting of compounds represented by generalformulae (i) and (ii). As the compounds represented by general formula(i), compounds represented by general formulae (i-1) to (i-3) below arepreferable. As the compounds represented by general formula (ii),compounds represented by general formulae (ii-1) and (ii-2) below arepreferable.

The compound represented by general formula (i-1) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(i11), R^(i12), and n^(i11) are the same as R^(i1),R^(i2), and n^(i1) in general formula (i).)

The compound represented by general formula (i-1) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented bygeneral formula (i-1-1).

(In the formula, R^(i12) is the same as that in general formula (i-1).)

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. The preferable upperlimit of the content relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, or 3%.

The compound represented by general formula (i-1-1) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented byformula (i-1-1.1) to formula (i-1-1.3), preferably a compoundrepresented by formula (i-1-1.2) or formula (i-1-1.3), and particularlypreferably a compound represented by formula (i-1-1.3).

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-1.3) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. The preferable upperlimit of the content relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, or 3%.

The compound represented by general formula (i-1) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented bygeneral formula (i-1-2).

(In the formula, R^(i12) is the same as that in general formula (i-1).)

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 23%, 25%, 27%, 30%, or35%. The preferable upper limit of the content relative to the totalamount of the composition of the present invention is 60%, 55%, 50%,45%, 42%, 40%, 38%, 35%, 33%, or 30%.

The compound represented by general formula (i-1-2) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented byformula (i-1-2.1) to formula (i-1-2.4) and preferably a compoundrepresented by any one of formula (i-1-2.2) to formula (i-1-2.4). Inparticular, the compound represented by formula (i-1-2.2) is preferablesince it particularly improves the response speed of the composition ofthe present invention. If high Tni is desirable rather than the responsespeed, the compound represented by formula (i-1-2.3), or formula(i-1-2.4) is preferably used. The content of the compounds representedby formula (i-1-2.3) and formula (i-1-2.4) is preferably less than 30%in order to improve the low temperature solubility.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-2.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, 25%, 27%, 30%, 33%, 35%,38%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the content relative to thetotal amount of the composition of the present invention is 60%, 55%,50%, 45%, 43%, 40%, 38%, 35%, 32%, 30%, 27%, 25%, or 22%.

The preferable lower limit of the total of the compound represented byformula (i-1-1.3) and the compound represented by formula (i-1-2.2) usedin combination relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 27%, 30%, 35%, or 40%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 43%,40%, 38%, 35%, 32%, 30%, 27%, 25%, or 22%.

The compound represented by general formula (i-1) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented bygeneral formula (i-1-4) and (i-1-5).

(In the formula, R^(i12) is the same as that in general formula (i-1).)

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-4) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 5%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 17%, or 20%. The preferableupper limit of the content relative to the total amount of thecomposition of the present invention is 25%, 23%, 20%, 17%, 15%, 13%, or10%.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-5) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 5%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 17%, or 20%. The preferableupper limit of the content relative to the total amount of thecomposition of the present invention is 25%, 23%, 20%, 17%, 15%, 13%, or10%.

The compounds represented by general formulae (i-1-4) and (i-1-5) arepreferably compounds selected from the group consisting of compoundsrepresented by formula (i-1-4.1) to formula (i-1-5.3). A compoundrepresented by formula (i-1-4.2) or formula (i-1-5.2) is alsopreferable.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-1-4.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 20%, 17%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%,7%, or 6%.

Preferably, two or more compounds selected from compounds represented byformula (i-1-1.3), formula (i-1-2.2), formula (i-1-3.1), formula(i-1-3.3), formula (i-1-3.4), formula (i-1-3.11), and formula (i-1-3.12)are used in combination. Preferably, two or more compounds selected fromcompounds represented by formula (i-1-1.3), formula (i-1-2.2), formula(i-1-3.1), formula (i-1-3.3), formula (i-1-3.4), and formula (i-1-4.2)are used in combination. The preferable lower limit of the total contentof these compounds relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%,23%, 25%, 27%, 30%, 33%, or 35%. The upper limit relative to the totalamount of the composition of the present invention is 80%, 70%, 60%,50%, 45%, 40%, 37%, 35%, 33%, 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, or 20%. If reliabilityof the composition is important, two or more compounds selected fromcompounds represented by formula (i-1-3.1), formula (i-1-3.3), andformula (i-1-3.4)) are preferably used in combination. If response speedof the composition is important, two or more compounds selected fromcompounds represented by formula (i-1-1.3) and formula (i-1-2.2) arepreferably used in combination.

The compound represented by general formula (i-2) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(i21), R^(i22), and n^(i21) are the same as R^(i1),R^(i2), and n^(i1) in general formula (i).)

R^(i21) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atomsor an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms and R^(i22) preferablyrepresents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl grouphaving 4 or 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbonatoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (i-2) can be used alone orin combination of two or more compounds. The number of compounds thatcan be used in combination is not particularly limited and is selectedin accordance with the desired properties such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability, andbirefringence. The number of compounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4,or 5 or more in one embodiment of the present invention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (i-2) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%,30%, 35%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thecompound represented by formula (i-2) relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%,15%, 10%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (i-2) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (i-2.1) to formula (i-2.3), forexample.

In accordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability, andbirefringence, the compound represented by formula (i-2.1) may becontained, the compound represented by formula (i-2.2) may be contained,the compound represented by formula (i-2.1) and the compound representedby (i-2.2) may both be contained, or the compounds represented byformula (i-2.1) to formula (i-2.3) may all be contained. The preferablelower limit of the content of the compound represented by formula(i-2.1) or formula (i-2.2) relative to the total amount of thecomposition of the present invention is 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 12%, 13%,18%, or 21%. The preferable upper limit is 45, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 23%,20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

When the compound represented by formula (i-2.1) and the compoundrepresented by formula (i-2.2) are both contained, the preferable lowerlimit of the content of the two compounds relative to the total amountof the composition of the present invention is 15%, 19%, 24%, or 30%.The preferable upper limit is 45, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%,15%, or 13%.

The compound represented by general formula (i-3) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(i31), R^(i32), and n^(i31) are the same as R^(i1),R^(i2), and n^(i1) in general formula (i).)

R^(i31) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atomsor an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. R^(i32) preferablyrepresents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl grouphaving 4 or 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbonatoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (i-3) can be used alone orin combination of two or more compounds. The number of compounds thatcan be used in combination is not particularly limited and is selectedin accordance with the desired properties such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability, andbirefringence. The number of compounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4,or 5 or more in one embodiment of the present invention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (i-3) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (i-3) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%,30%, 35%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thecompound represented by formula (L-5) relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%,15%, 10%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (i-3) is preferably acompound represented by formula (i-3.1) or formula (i-3.2).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,3%, 5%, or 7%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thesecompounds is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 9%.

The compound represented by general formula (ii-1) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(ii11), R^(ii12), n^(ii11), X^(ii11), and X^(ii12)are the same as R^(ii1), R^(ii2), n^(ii1), X^(ii1), and X^(ii2) ingeneral formula (ii) and X^(ii13) and X^(ii14) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.)

R^(ii21) and R^(ii22) preferably each independently represent an alkylgroup having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5carbon atoms.

X^(ii11) to X^(ii14) preferably all represent a hydrogen atom or allrepresent a hydrogen atom except for one that represents a fluorineatom.

The compounds represented by general formula (ii-1) can be used alone orin combination of two or more compounds. The number of compounds thatcan be used in combination is not particularly limited and is selectedin accordance with the desired properties such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability, andbirefringence. The number of compounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4,or 5 or more in one embodiment of the present invention.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (ii-1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%,30%, 35%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the compound representedby formula (ii-1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%. Ifincreasing Δn is important, the content is preferably large. Ifprecipitation at low temperature is important, the content is preferablysmall.

The compounds represented by general formula (ii-1) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (ii-1.10) to formula (ii-1.15), forexample. Among these, a compound represented by formula (ii-1.13) ispreferable.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,3%, 5%, or 7%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thesecompounds is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 9%.

The compound represented by general formula (ii-2) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(ii21), R^(ii22), n^(ii21), X^(ii21), and X^(ii22)are the e same as R^(ii1), R^(ii2), n^(ii1), X^(ii1), and X^(ii2) ingeneral formula (ii) and X^(ii23), X^(ii24), X^(ii25), and X^(ii26) eachindependently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.)

R^(i21) and R^(ii22) preferably each independently represent an alkylgroup having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5carbon atoms.

X^(ii21) to X^(ii26) preferably all represent a hydrogen atom or allrepresent a hydrogen atom except one that represents a fluorine atom.Preferably, one of X^(ii23) and X^(ii24) represents a fluorine atom andall others represent a hydrogen atom.

The compounds represented by general formula (ii-2) can be used alone orin combination of two or more compounds. The number of compounds thatcan be used in combination is not particularly limited and is selectedin accordance with the desired properties such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability, andbirefringence. The number of compounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4,or 5 or more in one embodiment of the present invention.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (ii-2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%,30%, 35%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thecompound represented by formula (ii-2) relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%,15%, 10%, or 5%. If increasing Δn is important, the content ispreferably large. If precipitation at low temperature is important, thecontent is preferably small.

The compounds represented by general formula (ii-2) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (ii-2.10) to formula (ii-2.17), forexample. Among these, a compound represented by formula (ii-2.11) ispreferable.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,3%, 5%, or 7%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thesecompounds is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 9%.

When the compounds represented by general formula (i) and (ii) are usedin combination, the preferable lower limit of the total content relativeto the total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%,2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%, 30%, 35%, or 40%. Thepreferable upper limit of the total content relative to the total amountof the composition of the present invention is 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 53%,50%, 48%, 45%, 43%, 40%, 38%, 35%, 33%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%.

The composition of the present invention contains at least one compoundrepresented by general formula (iii). The compounds represented bygeneral formula (iii) are preferably compounds represented by generalformula (iii-1) and (iii-2) below.

(In the formulae, R^(iii1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8carbon atoms and one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkylgroup may each independently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—,—CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—.)

There are no limits on compounds that can be used in combination, butone or more compounds are preferably used in combination by consideringlow-temperature solubility, transition temperature, electricalreliability, birefringence, etc.

The content of the compound represented by general formula (iii) has anupper limit and a lower limit for each embodiment considering propertiessuch as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature, electricalreliability, and birefringence.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (iii) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, or 0.02%. The preferableupper limit of the content is 0.1%, 0.08%, or 0.05%.

The compounds represented by general formula (iii) used in thecomposition of the present invention are preferably compoundsrepresented by formula (iii-1.1) to formula (iii-1.14) below,specifically. Among these, compounds represented by formula (iii-1.2)and formula (iii-2.2) are preferably contained and the compoundrepresented by formula (iii-2.2) is preferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (iii-1.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, or 0.02%. The preferableupper limit of the content is 0.1%, 0.08%, or 0.05%.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (iii-2.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, or 0.02%. The preferableupper limit of the content is 0.1%, 0.08%, or 0.05%.

The composition of the present invention preferably contains at leastone compound represented by general formula (M). These compoundscorrespond to dielectrically positive compounds (Δε is greater than 2).

(In the formula, R^(M1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbonatoms, one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group mayeach independently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—,or —OCO—,

n^(M1) represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,

A^(M1) and A^(M2) each independently represent a group selected from thegroup consisting of

(a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent—CH₂— in this group may each be substituted with —O— or —S—) and

(b) a 1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent —CH═ inthis group may each be substituted with —N═),

hydrogen atoms in the group (a) and the group (b) may each independentlybe substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom,

Z^(M1) and Z^(M2) each independently represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—,—(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —C≡C—,

when n^(M1) represents 2, 3, or 4 and two or more A^(M1) are present,they may be the same or different; when n^(M1) represents 2, 3, or 4 andtwo or more Z^(M2) are present, they may be the same or different,

X^(M1) and X^(M2) each independently represent a hydrogen atom, achlorine atom, or a fluorine atom, and

Y^(M1) represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, acyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a fluoromethoxy group, adifluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group but compounds represented by general formula(i) and (ii) are excluded.)

In general formula (M), R^(M1) preferably represents an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy grouphaving 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably represents an alkyl group having1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, analkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably represents an alkyl group having 1to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, yetmore preferably represents an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms oran alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and most preferablyrepresents an alkenyl group having 3 carbon atoms (propenyl group).

If reliability is important, R^(M1) preferably represents an alkylgroup. If decreasing viscosity is important, an alkenyl group ispreferable.

If the ring structure it is bonded to is a phenyl group (aromatic), astraight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chainalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 4or 5 carbon atoms are preferable. If the ring structure it is bonded tois a saturated ring structure such as cyclohexane, pyran, and dioxane, astraight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chainalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a straight-chain alkenylgroup having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are preferable. In order to stabilizethe nematic phase, the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms ifexist at all is preferably 5 or less and a straight-chain structure ispreferred.

The alkenyl group is preferably selected from the groups represented byformula (R1) to formula (R5) (the black dot in each formula represents acarbon atom in the ring structure).

If improving viscosity, stability of the liquid crystal phase at lowtemperature, and Δε is important, n^(M1) preferably represents 0 or 1.If improving the liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature andelastic constant is important, 1, 2, or 3 is preferable. If striking thebalance is important, 1 or 2 is preferable.

If Δn needs to be increased, A^(M1) and A^(M2) are preferably botharomatic. In order to improve response speed, they are preferably eachindependently aliphatic. A^(M1) and A^(M2) more preferably eachrepresent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, a2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a1,4-cyclohexenylene group, a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene group, apiperidine-1,4-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, adecahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or a1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group. They yet more preferablyeach represent any one of the following structures.

The following structures are yet more preferable.

Z^(M1) and Z^(M2) preferably each independently represent —CH₄O—,—CF₂O—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CF₂CF₂—, or a single bond, more preferably eachindependently represent —CF₂O—, —CH₂CH₂—, or a single bond, and yet morepreferably each independently represent —CF₂O— or a single bond.

Preferably, one of X^(M1) and X^(M2) represents a hydrogen atom whilethe other represents a fluorine atom. Preferably, both represent afluorine atom.

Y^(M1) preferably represents a fluorine atom, a cyano group, atrifluoromethyl group, or a trifluoromethoxy group. For TFTs, a fluorineatom, a trifluoromethyl group, and a trifluoromethoxy group arepreferable and a fluorine atom and a trifluoromethoxy group are morepreferable.

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited and is selected in accordance with the desiredproperties such as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature,electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number of compounds usedis, for example, 1, 2, or 3 in one embodiment of the present invention,or 4, 5, 6, 7, or more in other embodiments of the present invention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (M) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%,75%, or 80%. The preferable upper limit of the content relative to thetotal amount of the composition of the present invention, is, forexample, 95%, 85%, 75%, 65%, 55%, 45%, 35%, or 25% in one embodiment ofthe present invention.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably relativelylow and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. If the compositionof the present invention is to maintain high Tni and have excellenttemperature stability, the lower limit is preferably relatively low andthe upper limit is preferably relatively low. In order to increasedielectric anisotropy to keep low driving voltage, the lower limit ispreferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relativelyhigh.

If reliability is important, R^(M1) preferably represents an alkylgroup. If decreasing viscosity is important, an alkenyl group ispreferable.

The compound represented by general formula (M) is preferably a compoundselected from the group consisting f compounds represented by generalformulae (M-1) to (M-8).

The compound represented by general formula (M-1) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(M11) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X^(M11) to X^(M15) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and Y^(M11) represents afluorine atom or OCF₃.)

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited and is selected in accordance with the desiredproperties such as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature,electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number of compounds usedis, for example, 1, 2, or 3 or more in one embodiment of the presentinvention.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%,or 30%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%,20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably relativelylow and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. If the compositionof the present invention is to maintain Tni and have excellenttemperature stability, the lower limit is preferably relatively low andthe upper limit is preferably relatively low. In order to increasedielectric anisotropy to keep driving voltage low, the lower limit ispreferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relativelyhigh.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-1) are specificallypreferably compounds represented by formula (M-1.1) to formula (M-1.4),preferably a compounds represented by formula (M-1.1) or formula(M-1.2), and more preferably a compound represented by formula (M-1.2).Alternatively, compounds represented by formula (M-1.1) or formula(M-1.2) may be simultaneously used.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-1.1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-1.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

The preferable lower limit of the total content of the compoundsrepresented by formula (M-1.1) and formula (M-1.2) relative to the totalamount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%.The preferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%,15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-2) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(M21) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X^(M21) and X^(M22) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and Y^(M21) represents afluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or OCF₃.)

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%,and 30%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 28%, 25%,23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably relativelylow and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. If the compositionof the present invention is to maintain high Tni and have lessimage-sticking, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and theupper limit is preferably relatively low. In order to increasedielectric anisotropy to keep driving voltage low, the lower limit ispreferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relativelyhigh.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-2) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-2.1) to formula (M-2.5), and arepreferably compounds represented by formula (M-2.3) and/or formula(M-2.5).

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-2.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-2.3) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-2.5) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

The preferable lower limit of the total content of the compoundsrepresented by formula (M-2.2), formula (M-2.3), and formula (M-2.5)relative to the total amount of the composition of the present inventionis 1%, 2%, 5%, or 6%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 30%,25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

The content relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more,yet more preferably 8% or more, yet more preferably 10% or more, yetmore preferably 14% or more, and particularly preferably 16% or more.Considering low-temperature solubility, transition temperature,electrical reliability, etc., the maximum ratio is preferably 30% orless, more preferably 25% or less, yet more preferably 22% or less, andparticularly preferably less than 20%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-3) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(M31) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X^(M31) to X^(M36) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and Y^(M31) represents afluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or OCF₃.)

There are no limits on compounds that can be used in combination, butone or more compounds are preferably used in combination by consideringlow-temperature solubility, transition temperature, electricalreliability, birefringence, etc.

The content of the compounds represented by general formula (M-3) has anupper limit and a lower limit for each embodiment considering propertiessuch as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature, electricalreliability, birefringence, etc.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compounds representedby formula (M-3) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content is 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-3) used in thecomposition of the present invention are specifically preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-3.1) to formula (M-3.4). Amongthese, compounds represented by formula (M-3.1) and/or formula (M-3.2)are preferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-3.1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content is 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or5%.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-3.2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content is 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or5%.

The preferable lower limit of the total content of the compoundsrepresented by formula (M-3.1) and formula (M-3.2) relative to the totalamount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%,8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit of thecontent is 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-4) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(M41) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X^(M41) to X^(M48) each independentlyrepresent a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom, and Y^(M41) represents afluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or OCF₃.)

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited. Considering low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, birefringence, etc., 1, 2, or 3 ormore compounds are preferably used in combination.

The content of the compound represented by general formula (M-4) has anupper limit and a lower limit for each embodiment considering propertiessuch as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature, electricalreliability, birefringence, etc.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-4) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%,15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

When the composition of the present invention is used in a liquidcrystal display device having a small cell gap, the content of thecompound represented by general formula (M-4) is preferably relativelyhigh. When the composition is used in a liquid crystal display devicehaving low driving voltage, the content of the compound represented bygeneral formula (M-4) is preferably relatively high. When thecomposition is used in a liquid crystal display device used in alow-temperature environment, the content of the compound represented bygeneral formula (M-4) is preferably relatively low. When the compositionis used in a liquid crystal display device having high response speed,the content of the compound represented by general formula (M-4) ispreferably relatively low.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-4) used in thecomposition of the present invention are preferably compoundsrepresented by formula (M-4.1) to formula (M-4.4). Among these,compounds represented by formula (M-4.2) to formula (M-4.4) arepreferably contained, and the compound represented by formula (M-4.2) ismore preferably contained.

The compound represented by general formula (M-5) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(M51) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X^(M51) and X^(M52) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and Y^(M51) represents afluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or OCF₃.)

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited. Considering low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, birefringence, etc., an appropriatecombination is used for each embodiment. For example, one compound isused in one embodiment of the present invention, two compounds are usedin another embodiment, three compounds are used in another embodiment,four compounds are used in another embodiment, five compounds are usedin another embodiment, and six or more compounds are used in combinationin another embodiment.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-5) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%,or 30%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%,33%, 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably relativelylow and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. If the compositionof the present invention is to maintain high Tni and have lessimage-sticking, the lower limit is preferably relatively low and theupper limit is preferably relatively low. In order to increasedielectric anisotropy to keep driving voltage low, the lower limit ispreferably relatively high and the upper limit is preferably relativelyhigh.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-5) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-5.1) to formula (M-5.4), andpreferably compounds represented by formula (M-5.1) to formula (M-5.4).

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, or 15%. The preferable upper limit of the content is30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-5) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-5.11) to formula (M-5.17), andpreferably compounds represented by formula (M-5.11), formula (M-5.13),and formula (M-5.17).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, or 15%. The preferable upper limit of the content is30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-5) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-5.21) to formula (M-5.28), and arepreferably compounds represented by formula (M-5.21), formula (M-5.22),formula (M-5.23), and formula (M-5.25).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, or 30%. The preferable upperlimit of the content is 40%, 35%, 33%, 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%,15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-6) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(M61) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X^(M61) to X^(M64) each independentlyrepresent a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom, and Y^(M61) represents afluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or OCF₃.)

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited. Considering low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, birefringence, etc., an appropriatecombination is used for each embodiment.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-6) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%,15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

When the composition of the present invention is used in a liquidcrystal display device having low driving voltage, the content of thecompound represented by general formula (M-6) is preferably relativelyhigh. When the composition is used in a liquid crystal display devicehaving high response speed, the content of the compound represented bygeneral formula (M-6) is preferably relatively low.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-6) are specificallypreferably compounds represented by formula (M-6.1) to formula (M-6.4).In particular, compounds represented by formula (M-6.2) and formula(M-6.4) are preferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-6) are specificallypreferably compounds represented by formula (M-6.11) to formula(M-6.14). Among these, compounds represented by formula (M-6.12) andformula (M-6.14) are preferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-6) is specificallypreferably a compound or compounds represented by formula (M-6.21) toformula (M-6.24). Among these, compounds represented by formula(M-6.21), formula (M-6.22), and formula (M-6.24) are preferablycontained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-6) are specificallypreferably compounds represented by formula (M-6.31) to formula(M-6.34). Among these, compounds represented by formula (M-6.31) andformula (M-6.32) are preferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-6) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-6.41) to formula (M-6.44). Amongthese, a compound represented by formula (M-6.42) is preferablycontained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, of 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-7) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, X^(M71) to X^(M76) each independently represent afluorine atom or a hydrogen atom, R^(M71) represents an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms,or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Y^(M71) represents afluorine atom or OCF₃.)

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited. Preferably, one or two compounds, more preferablyone to three compounds, and more preferably one to four compounds amongthese compounds are contained.

The content of the compound represented by general formula (M-7) has anupper limit and a lower limit for each embodiment considering propertiessuch as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature, electricalreliability, birefringence, etc.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (M-7) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%,15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

When the composition of the present invention is used in a liquidcrystal display device having a small cell gap, the content of thecompound represented by general formula (M-7) is preferably relativelyhigh. When the composition is used in a liquid crystal display devicehaving low driving voltage, the content of the compound represented bygeneral formula (M-7) is preferably relatively high. When thecomposition is used in a liquid crystal display device used in alow-temperature environment, the content of the compound represented bygeneral formula (M-7) is preferably relatively low. When the compositionis used in a liquid crystal display device having high response speed,the content of the compound represented by general formula (M-7) ispreferably relatively low.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-7.1) to formula (M-7.4), and acompound represented by formula (M-7.2) is preferable.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-7.11) to formula (M-7.14), andpreferably compounds represented by formula (M-7.11) and formula(M-7.12).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-7.21) to formula (M-7.24), andpreferably compounds represented by formula (M-7.21) and formula(M-7.22).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-8) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, X^(M81) to X^(M84) each independently represent afluorine atom or a hydrogen atom, Y^(M81) represents a fluorine atom, achlorine atom, or —OCF₃, R^(M81) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxygroup having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A^(M81) and A^(M82) each independentlyrepresent a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group or

and a hydrogen atom of the 1,4-phenylene group may be substituted with afluorine atom.)

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented bygeneral formula (M-8) relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%.The preferable upper limit of the content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%,18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably relativelylow and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. If a compositionwith less image-sticking is required, the lower limit is preferablyrelatively low and the upper limit is preferably relatively low. Inorder to increase dielectric anisotropy to keep driving voltage low, thelower limit is preferably relatively high and the upper limit ispreferably relatively high.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-8) used in thecomposition of the present invention are preferably specificallycompounds represented by formula (M-8.1) to formula (M-8.4). Amongthese, compounds represented by formula (M-8.1) and formula (M-8.2) arepreferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (M-8) used in thecomposition of the present invention is specifically preferably acompound or compounds represented by formula (M-8.11) to formula(M-8.14). Among these, a compound represented by formula (M-8.12) ispreferably contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-8) used in thecomposition of the present invention are specifically preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-8.21) to formula (M-8.24). Amongthese, the compound represented by formula (M-8.22) is preferablycontained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-8) used in thecomposition of the present invention are specifically preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-8.31) to formula (M-8.34). Amongthese, a compound represented by formula (M-8.32) is preferablycontained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-8) used in thecomposition of the present invention are specifically preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-8.41) to formula (M-8.44). Amongthese, a compound represented by formula (M-8.42) is preferablycontained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (M-8) used in thecomposition of the present invention are specifically preferablycompounds represented by formula (M-8.51) to formula (M-8.54). Amongthese, a compound represented by formula (M-8.52) is preferablycontained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. The preferable upper limit ofthe content is 30%, 28%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5%.

The composition of the present invention preferably contains one or morecompounds represented by general formula (L). Compounds represented bygeneral formula (L) correspond to substantially dielectrically neutralcompounds (Δε value of −2 to 2).

(In the formula, R^(L1) and R^(L2) each independently represent an alkylgroup having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one —CH₂— or two or morenonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each independently besubstituted with —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—,

n^(L1) represents 0, 1, 2, or 3,

A^(L1), A^(L2), and A^(L3) each independently represent a group selectedfrom the group consisting of

(a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent—CH₂— in this group may each be substituted with —O—),

(b) a 1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent —CH═ inthis group may each be substituted with —N═), and

(c) (c) a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or adecahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent—CH═ in the naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or the1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may each be substitutedwith —N═),the group (a), the group (b), and the group (c) may each independentlybe substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom,

Z^(L1) and Z^(L2) each independently represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—,—(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —CH═N—N═CH—,—CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—,

when n^(L1) represents 2 or 3 and two or more A^(L2) are present, theymay be the same or different; when n^(L1) represents 2 or 3 and two ormore Z^(L3) are present, they may be the same or different; however,compounds represented by general formulae (i), (ii), and (M) areexcluded.)

Compounds represented by general formula (L) may be used alone or incombination. The number of compounds that can be used in combination isnot particularly limited and is selected in accordance with the desiredproperties such as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature,electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number of compounds usedis, for example, 1 in one embodiment of the present invention, and 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more in other embodiments of the presentinvention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (L) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compounds representedby formula (L) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%,75%, or 80%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 95%, 85%, 75%,65%, 55%, 45%, 35%, or 25%.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably high and theupper limit is preferably high. If the composition of the presentinvention is to maintain high Tni and have excellent temperaturestability, the lower limit is preferably high and the upper limit ispreferably high. In order to increase dielectric anisotropy to keep thedriving voltage low, the lower limit is preferably low and the upperlimit is preferably low.

If reliability is important, R^(L1) and R^(L2) preferably each representan alkyl group. If decreasing the volatility of the compound isimportant, an alkoxy group is preferable.

If the ring structure R^(L1) and R^(L2) are bonded to is a phenyl group(aromatic), a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms anda straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred.If the ring structure they are bonded to is a saturated ring structuresuch as cyclohexane, pyran, or dioxane, a straight-chain alkyl grouphaving 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferred. In order to stabilize thenematic phase, the total number of carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, ifexist at all, is preferably 5 or less and a straight-chain structure ispreferred.

If response speed is important, n^(L1) preferably represents 0. In orderto improve the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase, 2 or 3 ispreferable. To strike the balance, 1 is preferable. In order to satisfyproperties required as the composition, compounds having differentvalues are preferably used in combination.

If Δn needs to be increased, A^(L1), A^(L2), and A^(L3) are preferablyaromatic. In order to improve response speed, aliphatic is preferable.Preferably, they each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylenegroup, a 1,4-phenylene group, a 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group, a1,4-cyclohexenylene group, a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene group, apiperidine-1,4-diyl group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, adecahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or a1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group. More preferably they eachrepresent any one of the following structures.

A trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group is yet morepreferable.

If response speed is important, Z^(L1) and Z^(L2) each preferablyrepresent a single bond.

The compound represented by general formula (L) is preferably a compoundselected from the group consisting of compounds represented by generalformulae (L-1) to (L-7).

The compound represented by general formula (L-1) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L11) and R^(L12) are independently respectively thesame as R_(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L).)

R^(L11) and R^(L12) preferably represent a straight-chain alkyl grouphaving 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to4 carbon atoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-1) can be used alone orin combination of two or more compounds. The number of compounds thatcan be used in combination is not particularly limited and is selectedin accordance with the desired properties such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability, andbirefringence. The number of compounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4,or 5 or more in one embodiment of the present invention.

The preferable lower limit of the content relative to the total amountof the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%,15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, or 55%. The preferable upperlimit of the content relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%,50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, or 25%.

If the composition of the present invention is to maintain low viscosityand have high response speed, the lower limit is preferably high and theupper limit is preferably high. If the composition of the presentinvention is to maintain high Tni and have excellent temperaturestability, the lower limit is preferably medium and the upper limit ispreferably medium. In order to increase dielectric anisotropy to keepthe driving voltage low, the lower limit is preferably low and the upperlimit is preferably low.

The compound represented by general formula (L-1) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented bygeneral formula (L-1-3).

(In the formula, R^(L13) and R^(L14) each independently represent analkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 8carbon atoms.)

Preferable examples of R^(L13) and R^(L14) are a straight-chain alkylgroup having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1to 4 carbon atoms, and a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 5carbon atoms.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-1-3) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 5%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 23%, 25%, or 30%.The preferable upper limit of the content relative to the total amountof the composition of the present invention is 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%,37%, 35%, 33%, 30%, 27%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 17%, 15%, 13%, or 10%.

The compound represented by general formula (L-1-3) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented byformula (L-1-3.1) to formula (L-1-3.12), and more preferably a compoundrepresented by formula (L-1-3.1), formula (L-1-3.3), or formula(L-1-3.4). In particular, the compound represented by formula (L-1-3.1)is preferable since the response speed of the composition of the presentinvention is notably improved. If high Tni is desirable rather than theresponse speed, compounds represented by formula (L-1-3.3), formula(L-1-3.4), formula (L-1-3.11), and formula (L-1-3.12) are preferable.The total content of the compounds represented by formula (L-1-3.3),formula (L-1-3.4), formula (L-1-3.11), and formula (L-1-3.12) ispreferably less than 20% in order to improve low-temperature solubility.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-1-3.1) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 20%, 17%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%,7%, or 6%.

The compound represented by general formula (L-2) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L21) and R^(L22) are respectively independently thesame as R^(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L).)

R^(L21) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atomsand R^(L22) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-1) can be used alone orin combination. The number of compounds that can be used in combinationis not particularly limited and is selected in accordance with thedesired properties such as low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number ofcompounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more in oneembodiment of the present invention.

If low-temperature solubility is important, the content is preferablyrelatively high in order to enhance the effect. In contrast, if responsespeed is important, the content is preferably relatively small in orderto enhance the effect. The content range is preferably set medium ifdrop marks and image-sticking properties are to be improved.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-2) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. The preferable upperlimit of the content relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, or 3%.

The compound represented by general formula (L-2) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented byformula (L-2.1) to formula (L-2.6). Compounds represented by formula(L-2.1), formula (L-2.3), formula (L-2.4), and formula (L-2.6) arepreferable.

The compound represented by general formula (L-3) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L31) and R^(L32) are respectively independently thesame as R^(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L).)

R^(L31) and R^(L32) preferably each independently represent an alkylgroup having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbonatoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-3) can be used alone orin combination. The number of compounds that can be used in combinationis not particularly limited and is selected in accordance with thedesired properties such as low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number ofcompounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more in oneembodiment of the present invention.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-3) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 10%. The preferable upperlimit of the content relative to the total amount of the composition ofthe present invention is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, or 3%.

In order to obtain high birefringence, it is effective to set thecontent to a relatively high level. If high Tni is important, it iseffective to set the content to a relatively low level. The contentrange is preferably set medium if drop marks and image-stickingproperties are to be improved.

The compound represented by general formula (L-3) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented byformula (L-3.1) to formula (L-3.4), and is preferably compoundsrepresented by formula (L-3.2) to formula (L-3.7).

The compound represented by general formula (L-4) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L41) and R^(L42) are independently respectively thesame as R^(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L).)

R^(L41) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atomsand R^(L42) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-4) can be used alone orin combination. The number of compounds that can be used in combinationis not particularly limited and is selected in accordance with thedesired properties such as low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number ofcompounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more in oneembodiment of the present invention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (L-4) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-4) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%,30%, 35%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thecompound represented by formula (L-4) relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%,15%, 10%, or 5%.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-4) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-4.4) to formula (L-4.6), forexample. A compound represented by formula (L-4.4) is preferable.

Depending on the desired properties such as low-temperature solubility,transition temperature, electrical reliability, and birefringence, thecompound represented by formula (L-4.4) may be contained, the compoundrepresented by formula (L-4.5) may be contained, or both the compoundrepresented by formula (L-4.4) and the compound represented by formula(L-4.5) may be contained.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-4.4) or formula (L-4.5) relative to the total amount of thecomposition of the present invention is 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 12%, 13%,18%, or 21%. The preferable upper limit is 45, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 23%,20%, 18%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 8%.

When the compounds represented by formula (L-4.4) and formula (L-4.5)are both contained, the preferable lower limit of the total content ofthe two compounds relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 15%, 19%, 24%, or 30% and the preferable upperlimit is 45, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, or 13%.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-4) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-4.7) to formula (L-4.10) and acompound represented by formula (L-4.9) is preferable.

The compound represented by general formula (L-5) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L51) and R^(L52) are independently respectively thesame as R^(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L).)

R^(L51) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atomsand R^(L52) preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbonatoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-5) can be used alone orin combination. The number of compounds that can be used in combinationis not particularly limited and is selected in accordance with thedesired properties such as low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number ofcompounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more in oneembodiment of the present invention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (L-5) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-5) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%,30%, 35%, or 40%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thecompound represented by formula (L-5) relative to the total amount ofthe composition of the present invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%,15%, 10%, or 5%.

The compound represented by general formula (L-5) is preferably acompound represented by formula (L-5.1) or formula (L-5.2) and isparticularly preferably a compound represented by formula (L-5.1).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,3%, 5%, or 7%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thecompounds is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 9%.

The compound represented by general formula (L-5) is preferably acompound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented byformula (L-5.5) to formula (L-5.7), for example, and is particularlypreferably a compound represented by formula (L-5.7).

The preferable lower limit of the content of these compounds relative tothe total amount of the composition of the present invention is 1%, 2%,3%, 5%, or 7%. The preferable upper limit of the content of thesecompounds is 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, or 9%.

The compound represented by general formula (L-6) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L61) and R^(L62) are independently respectively thesame as R^(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L) and X^(L61) and X^(L62)each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom.)

R^(L61) and R^(L62) preferably each independently represent an alkylgroup having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and one of X^(L61) and X^(L62)preferably represents a fluorine atom and the other preferablyrepresents a hydrogen atom.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-6) can be used alone orin combination. The number of compounds that can be used in combinationis not particularly limited and is selected in accordance with thedesired properties such as low-temperature solubility, transitiontemperature, electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number ofcompounds used is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more in oneembodiment of the present invention.

The preferable lower limit of the compound represented by formula (L-6)relative to the total amount of the composition of the present inventionis 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 23%, 26%, 30%, 35%, or 40%.The preferable upper limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-6) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 50%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%. Ifincreasing Δn is important, the content is preferably large and ifprecipitation at low temperature is important, the content is preferablysmall.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-6) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-6.1) to formula (L-6.9).

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited. One to three compounds are preferably selectedfrom among these compounds, and one to four compounds are yet morepreferably selected from among these compounds. Since it is effective toselect compounds having a wide molecular weight distribution forimproving solubility, for example, one selected from the compoundsrepresented by formula (L-6.1) and formula (L-6.2), one selected fromthe compounds represented by formula (L-6.4) and formula (L-6.5), oneselected from the compounds represented by formula (L-6.6) and formula(L-6.7), and one selected from the compounds represented by formula(L-6.8) and formula (L-6.9) may be appropriately used in combination.Among these, compounds represented by formula (L-6.1), formula (L-6.3),formula (L-6.4), formula (L-6.6), and formula (L-6.9) are preferablycontained.

The compound represented by general formula (L-7) is the followingcompound.

(In the formula, R^(L71) and R^(L72) are independently respectively thesame as R^(L1) and R^(L2) in general formula (L), A^(L71) and A^(L72)are independently respectively the same as A^(L2) and A^(L3) in generalformula (L), hydrogen atoms in A^(L71) and A^(L72) may eachindependently be substituted with a fluorine atom, Z^(L71) is the sameas Z^(L2) in general formula (L), and X^(L71) and X^(L72) eachindependently represent a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom.)

In the formula, R^(L71) and R^(L72) preferably each independentlyrepresent an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A^(L71) and A^(L72) preferably eachindependently represent a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylenegroup, hydrogen atoms in A^(L71) and A^(L72) may each independently besubstituted with a fluorine atom, Q^(L71) preferably represents a singlebond or COO— or preferably represents a single bond, and X^(L71) andX^(L72) preferably each represent a hydrogen atom.

The number of compounds that can be used in combination is notparticularly limited and is selected in accordance with the desiredproperties such as low-temperature solubility, transition temperature,electrical reliability, and birefringence. The number of compounds usedis, for example, 1, 2, 3, or 4 in one embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the composition of the present invention, the content of the compoundrepresented by general formula (L-7) must be appropriately adjusted inaccordance with the desired properties, such as low-temperaturesolubility, transition temperature, electrical reliability,birefringence, process compatibility, drop marks, image-sticking, anddielectric anisotropy.

The preferable lower limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-7) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 14%, 16%, or 20%. Thepreferable upper limit of the content of the compound represented byformula (L-7) relative to the total amount of the composition of thepresent invention is 30%, 25%, 23%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 10%, or 5%.

If the composition of the present invention is to have high Tni, thecontent of the compound represented by formula (L-7) is preferablyrelatively high. If an embodiment with low viscosity is desirable, thecontent is preferably relatively low.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-7.1) to formula (L-7.4), and acompound represented by formula (L-7.2) is preferable.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-7.11) to formula (L-7.13), and acompound represented by formula (L-7.11) is preferable.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-7.21) to formula (L-7.23) and acompound represented by formula (L-7.21) is preferable.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-7.31) to formula (L-7.34), and acompound represented by formula (L-7.31) and/or formula (L-7.32) ispreferable.

The compounds represented by general formula (L-7) are preferablycompounds represented by formula (L-7.41) to formula (L-7.44), and acompound represented by formula (L-7.41) and/or formula (L-7.42) ispreferable.

The preferable lower limit of the total content of the compound selectedfrom the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulae(i) and (ii) and the compounds represented by general formulae (L) and(M) relative to the total amount of the composition of the presentinvention is 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%,or 100%. The preferable upper limit of the content is 100%, 99%, 98%, or95%.

The preferable lower limit of the total content of the compoundsrepresented by general formula (i), general formula (ii), and generalformulae (L-1) to (L-7) and (M-1) to (M-8) relative to the total amountof the composition of the present invention is 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%,93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. The preferable upper limitis 100%, 99%, 98%, or 95%.

The composition of the invention of the subject application preferablycontains no compounds having a structure in which oxygen atoms arebonded to each other, such as a peroxide (—CO—OO—) structure, in itsmolecule.

If reliability and long-term stability of the composition are important,the content of the compound having a carbonyl group is preferablyadjusted to 5% or less relative to the total mass of the composition,more preferably 3% or less, yet more preferably 1% or less, and mostpreferably substantially zero.

If stability under UV radiation is important, the content of thecompound having a chlorine atom substituted therein is preferablyadjusted to 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, preferably 8% or less,preferably 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and more preferablysubstantially zero relative to the total mass of the composition.

The content of the compound in which all ring structures in the moleculeare six-membered is preferably high. The content of the compound inwhich all ring structures in the molecule are six-membered is preferably80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% ormore relative to the total mass of the composition. Most preferably, thecomposition is made up from only those compounds in which substantiallyall ring structures in the molecule are six-membered.

In order to suppress degradation of the composition by oxidation, thecontent of the compound having a cyclohexenylene group as a ringstructure is preferably low. The content of the compound having acyclohexenylene group relative to the total mass of the composition ispreferably 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, more preferably 5% orless, preferably 3% or less, and yet more preferably substantially zero.

If improving viscosity and Tni is important, the content of the compoundintramolecularly having a 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diyl group having ahydrogen atom which may be substituted with a halogen is preferably low.The content of the compound intramolecularly having a2-methylbenzene-1,4-diyl group relative to the total mass of thecomposition is preferably 10% or less, preferably 8% or less, preferably5% or less, preferably 3% or less, more preferably substantially zero.

For the purposes of this application, substantially zero means that thesubstance concerned is not contained except for those unintentionallymixed.

When a compound contained in the composition of the present inventionhas an alkenyl group as a side chain and the alkenyl group is bonded tocyclohexane, the number of carbon atoms of that alkenyl group ispreferably 2 to 5. When the alkenyl group is bonded to benzene, thenumber of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group is preferably 4 or 5, andthe unsaturated bond of the alkenyl group is preferably not directlybonded to benzene.

The composition of the present invention can contain a polymerizablecompound in order to prepare a PS-mode, a horizontal-field-type PSAmode, or horizontal-field-type PSVA mode liquid crystal display device.Examples of the polymerizable compound that can be used includephotopolymerizable monomers whose polymerization proceeds under anenergy ray such as light, and polymerizable compounds that have a liquidcrystal skeleton in which plural six-membered rings are connected toeach other, such as a biphenyl derivative or a terphenyl derivative.Specifically, difunctional monomers represented by general formula (XX)are preferable:

(In the formula, X²⁰¹ and X²⁰² each independently represent a hydrogenatom or a methyl group,

Sp²⁰¹ and Sp²⁰² preferably each independently represent a single bond,an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or —O—(CH₂)_(s)— (in theformula, s represents an integer of 2 to 7 and the oxygen bond is tobond to the aromatic ring.)

Z²⁰¹ represents —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CH₂CH₂—,—CF₂CF₂—, —CH═CH—COO—, —CH═CH—OCO—, —COO—CH═CH—, —OCO—CH═CH—,—COO—CH₂CH₂—, —OCO—CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—COO—, —CH₂CH₂—OCO—, —COO—CH₂—,—OCO—CH₂—, —CH₂—COO—, —CH₂—OCO—, —CY¹═CY²— (In the formula, Y¹ and Y²each independently represent a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom), —C≡C—,or a single bond, and

M²⁰¹ represents a 1,4-phenylene group, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group,or a single bond, where all 1,4-phenylene groups in the formula may haveany hydrogen atom substituted with a fluorine atom.).

A diacrylate derivative in which X²⁰¹ and X²⁰² both represent a hydrogenatom and a dimethacrylate derivative in which both represent a methylgroup are equally preferable. A compound in which one of X²⁰¹ and X²⁰²represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents a methyl group isalso preferable. As for the polymerization rates of these compounds, thediacrylate derivative is the fastest, the methacrylate derivative is theslowest, and the asymmetric compound is in the middle. A preferable modemay be employed depending on the usage. For a PSA display device, adimethacrylate derivative is particularly preferable.

Sp²⁰¹ and Sp²⁰² each independently represent a single bond, an alkylenegroup having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or —O—(CH₂)_(s)—. For a PSA displaydevice, at least one of the two preferably represents a single bond. Acompound in which both represent a single bond and an embodiment inwhich one represents a single bond and the other represents an alkylenegroup having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or —O—(CH₂)_(s)— are preferable. Inthis case, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable and sis preferably 1 to 4.

Z²⁰¹ preferably represents —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CF₂O—, —OCF₂—,—CH₂CH₂—, —CF₂CF₂—, or a single bond, more preferably represents —COO—,—OCO—, or a single bond, and most preferably represents a single bond.

M²⁰¹ represents a 1,4-phenylene group which may have any hydrogen atomsubstituted with a fluorine atom, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, or asingle bond, and preferably represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a singlebond. When C represents a ring structure and not a single bond, Z²⁰¹ ispreferably a linking group other than a single bond. When M²⁰¹represents a single bond, Z²⁰¹ preferably represents a single bond.

In view of the above, the ring structure between Sp²⁰¹ and Sp²⁰² ingeneral formula (XX) is preferably any one of the structuresspecifically described below.

When M²⁰¹ represents a single bond and the ring structure is constitutedby two rings in general formula (XX), preferable ring structures arethose represented by formula (XXa-1) to formula (XXa-5), more preferableare formula (XXa-1) to formula (XXa-3), and most preferable is formula(XXa-1).

(In the formula, each of the two ends bonds to Sp²⁰¹ or Sp²⁰².)

Polymerizable compounds containing these skeletons exhibit optimumanchoring force for PSA-mode liquid crystal display devices afterpolymerization, and excellent orientation state is obtained. Thus,display nonuniformity is suppressed or completely prevented.

In view of the above, compounds represented by general formula (XX-1) togeneral formula (XX-4) are preferable as the polymerizable monomer.Among these, a compound represented by general formula (XX-2) is mostpreferable.

(In the formula, Sp²⁰ represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbonatoms.)

When a monomer is to be added to the composition of the presentinvention, polymerization proceeds in the absence of a polymerizationinitiator. However, a polymerization initiator may be contained in orderto accelerate polymerization. Examples of the polymerization initiatorinclude benzoin ethers, benzophenones, acetophenones, benzyl ketals, andacylphosphine oxides.

The composition containing a polymerizable compound of the presentinvention is given a liquid crystal aligning ability when thepolymerizable compound contained therein is polymerized by UVirradiation, and used in a liquid crystal display device that controlsthe quantity of transmitted light by using birefringence of thecomposition. The composition is suitable for use in liquid crystaldisplay devices such as active matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCD),twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal displays, super twisted nematicliquid crystal displays (STN-LCD), OCB-LCD, and in-plane-switchingliquid crystal displays (IPS-LCD). The composition is particularlyuseful for AM-LCD, and can be used in a transmission-type orreflective-type liquid crystal display device.

Two substrates of a liquid crystal cell used in a liquid crystal displaydevice can be formed by using a flexible and transparent material suchas a plastic or glass. One of the substrates may be formed of an opaquematerial such as silicon. A transparent substrate having a transparentelectrode layer can be obtained by, for example, sputtering indium tinoxide (ITO) onto a transparent substrate such as a glass plate.

A color filter can be prepared by, for example, a pigment dispersionmethod, a printing method, an electrodeposition method, or a dyeingmethod. For example, according to a method for preparing a color filterby a pigment dispersion method, a curable coloring composition forforming a color filter is applied onto a transparent substrate, and theapplied composition is patterned, followed by curing under heating orirradiation with light. This process is conducted for each of threecolors, namely, red, green, and blue, so as to form pixel portions of acolor filter. Pixel electrodes including active devices such as TFTs,thin-film diodes, and metal-insulator-metal resistive elements may bedisposed on the substrate.

The substrates are arranged to oppose each other with transparentelectrode layers facing inward. During this process, the space betweenthe substrates may be adjusted by using spacers. In this case, theadjustment is preferably made so that the light-adjustment layerobtained thereby has a thickness of 1 to 100 μm. More preferable is 1.5to 10 μm. When a polarizing plate is used, the product of the refractiveindex anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal and the cell thickness d ispreferably adjusted so that a maximum contrast is obtained. When twopolarizing plates are provided, the polarization axis of each polarizingplate can be adjusted to improve viewing angle and contrast. Retarderfilms for widening the viewing angle can also be used. Examples of thespacers include glass particles, plastic particles, alumina particles,and columnar spacers composed of a photoresist material. Then a sealingagent such as an epoxy-based thermosetting composition is screen-printedonto the substrate while securing a liquid crystal inlet port, thesubstrates are bonded to each other, and heating is performed tothermally cure the sealing agent.

A common vacuum injection method or ODF method can be used to place apolymerizable-compound-containing liquid crystal composition in a gapbetween the two substrates, for example. However, the vacuum injectionmethod has a problem in that, although drop marks do not occur, trace ofinjection remains. The invention of the subject application is moresuitable for use in making a display device by an ODF method. In aliquid crystal display device manufacturing process by an ODF method, asealing material such as an epoxy-based photothermal dual curing sealingmaterial is applied to one of a backplane substrate or a frontplanesubstrate by using a dispenser so as to form a closed-loop bank, aparticular amount of the liquid crystal composition is placed dropwisein the space defined by the bank while performing evacuation, and thefrontplane and the backplane are bonded to each other to manufacture aliquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal composition of thepresent invention is favorable since dropping of the liquid crystalcomposition during the ODF step can be performed stably.

In order to a satisfactorily align the liquid crystal, an appropriatepolymerization speed is desirable. Thus, the method for polymerizing thepolymerizable compounds preferably involves irradiating the liquidcrystal composition with an active energy ray such as an ultraviolet rayor an electron beam or with two or more active energy rays eithersimultaneously or sequentially. In the case where ultraviolet rays areused, a polarized light source may be used or unpolarized light sourcemay be used. In the case where polymerization is performed while holdingthe polymerizable-compound-containing composition between the twosubstrates, at least the substrate on the incident side must have anappropriate degree of transparency for the active energy ray used.Moreover, after only a particular portion is polymerized by using a maskduring irradiation, the alignment state of the unpolymerized portion maybe changed by changing the conditions such as electric field, magneticfield, or temperature and then an active energy ray may be applied againto perform polymerization. In particular, when the composition isexposed with an UV ray, UV exposure is preferably performed whileapplying an AC electric field to the polymerizable-compound-containingcomposition. The AC electric field applied is preferably an AC having afrequency of 10 Hz to 10 kHz and more preferably an AC having afrequency of 60 Hz to 10 kHz, and the voltage is selected depending onthe desired pretilt angle of the liquid crystal display device. In otherwords, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal display device can becontrolled by the applied voltage. For a horizontal electric field-typeMVA-mode liquid crystal display device, the pretilt angle is preferablycontrolled to 80° to 89.9° from the viewpoints of alignment stabilityand contrast.

The temperature during irradiation is preferably within a temperaturerange in which the composition of the present invention retains a liquidcrystal state. Polymerization is preferably conducted at a temperaturenear room temperature, that is, typically a temperature in a range of 15to 35° C. The lamp that generates UV rays may be a metal halide lamp, ahigh-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, or thelike. The wavelength of the UV ray applied is preferably in thewavelength region outside the absorption wavelength region of thecomposition and, if needed, some portions of the UV rays may be cut. Theintensity of the ultraviolet ray applied is preferably 0.1 mW/cm² to 100W/cm² and more preferably 2 mW/cm² to 50 W/cm². The amount of energy ofthe ultraviolet ray applied can be appropriately adjusted but ispreferably 10 mJ/cm² to 500 J/cm² and more preferably 100 mJ/cm² to 200J/cm². The intensity may be varied during irradiation with UV rays. Theamount of time for which the UV ray is applied is appropriately selecteddepending on the intensity of the UV ray applied but is preferably 10 to3600 seconds and more preferably 10 to 600 seconds.

A liquid crystal display device that uses the composition of the presentinvention is useful since high-speed response and suppressed displayfailures are both achieved, and is particularly useful for use in activematrix driving liquid crystal display devices, in particular, liquidcrystal display devices of VA mode, PSVA mode, PSA mode, IPS mode, orECB mode.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be described in further detail by usingExamples below which do not limit the scope of the present invention. Inthe compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples below, “%” means“% by mass”.

The properties that were measured in examples are as follows.

T_(ni): nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (°C.)

Δn: refractive index anisotropy at 298 K

Δε: dielectric anisotropy at 298 K

η: viscosity (mPa·s) at 293 K

γ₁: rotational viscosity (mPa·s) at 298 K

VHR: voltage holding ratio (%) at a frequency of 60 Hz and an appliedvoltage of 5 V at 333 K

VHR: voltage holding ratio (%) at a frequency of 60 Hz and an appliedvoltage of 1 V at 60° C.

VHR after 1000 h: voltage holding ratio (%) at a frequency of 60 Hz andan applied voltage of 1 V at 60° C. after being left in a 90° C.high-temperature state for 1000 hours

Image-Sticking:

Evaluation of image-sticking in liquid crystal display devices wasconducted as follows. A predetermined fixed pattern was displayed in adisplay area for a particular test time period, and then uniform displaywas conducted in all parts of the screen. The test time taken for theafterimage of the fixed pattern to reach an acceptable afterimage levelwas measured.

1) The “test time” here refers to the period of time the fixed patternwas displayed. The longer the test time, the more suppressed theoccurrence of the afterimage and the higher the performance.

2) The “unacceptable afterimage level” refers to the level at which anafterimage rated as fail in pass/fail assessment for shipping wasobserved.

Examples

Sample A: 1000 hours

Sample B: 500 hours

Sample C: 200 hours

Sample D: 100 hours

The level of performance: A>B>C>D

Drop Marks:

Drop marks in liquid crystal display devices were evaluated on thefollowing five-grade scale by observing white drop marks on a blackdisplay of the entire screen with naked eye.

5: No drop marks (excellent)

4: Drop marks were barely perceptible and were at an acceptable level(good)

3: Drop marks were slightly perceptible and were at a border line levelof pass/fail assessment (pass with conditions)

2: Drop marks were present and were at an unacceptable level (fail)

1: Drop marks were extensive (poor)

Process Compatibility:

The process compatibility was evaluated through an ODF process asfollows. The liquid crystal was dropped 50 pL at a time by using a pump,and the total mass of the liquid crystal dropped in 100 droppingoperations, i.e., a total in 0 to 100th dropping operations, 101st to200th dropping operations, 201st to 300th dropping operations, and soon, was measured. The number of times dropping was conducted until thevariation in mass was so large that the ODF process could no longer becarried out was used as the basis for evaluation.

A large number of times of dropping means that the liquid crystal can bestably dropped over a long period of time and that the processcompatibility is high.

Example

Sample A: 95000 times

Sample B: 40000 times

Sample C: 100000 times

Sample D: 10000 times

The level of performance: C>A>B>D

Low-Temperature Solubility:

Low-temperature solubility was evaluated as follows. After preparationof a composition, 1 g of the composition was weighed into a 2 mL samplejar and exposed continuously to temperature change cycles in atemperature-controlled test chamber, each cycle involving the followingoperation conditions: −20° C. (retained for 1 hour)→9 heating (0.1°C./min)→0° C. (retained for 1 hour)→9 heating (0.1° C./min)→20° C.(retained for 1 hour)→cooling (−0.1° C./min)→0° C. (retained for 1hour)→cooling (−0.1° C./min)→−20° C. Occurrence of precipitates from thecomposition was observed with naked eye and the test time taken untilprecipitates were observed was measured.

A long test time indicates stable retention of the liquid crystal phaseover a long period of time and good low-temperature solubility.

Example

Sample A: 72 hours

Sample B: 600 hours

Sample C: 384 hours

Sample D: 1440 hours

The level of performance: D>B>C>A

Volatility/Production Facility Contamination Property

Volatility of the liquid crystal material was evaluated by visuallyconfirming foaming of the liquid crystal material while monitoring theoperation state of a vacuum stirring defoaming mixer with a stroboscope.Specifically, 0.8 kg of a composition was placed in a 2.0 L specialcontainer of a vacuum stirring defoaming mixer and the vacuum stirringdefoaming mixer was driven at a revolution velocity of 15 S⁻¹ and arotating velocity of 7.5 S⁻¹ under evacuation of 4 kPa. The time takenuntil foaming started was measured.

A longer time taken for foaming to start indicates a low possibility ofcontaminating production facility and thus high performance.

Example

Sample A: 200 sec

Sample B: 45 sec

Sample C: 60 sec

Sample D: 15 sec

The level of performance: A>C>B>D

In Examples, following abbreviations are used in describing compounds.

(Ring Structure)

(Side Chain Structure and Linking Structure)

TABLE 1 n (numeral) at terminal C_(n)H_(2n+1)— -nd0FF-—(CH₂)_(n−1)—HC═CFF -2- —CH₂CH₂— -1O- —CH₂O— -O1- —OCH₂— -V- —CO— -VO-—COO— -CFFO- —CF₂O— -F —F -Cl —Cl -OCFFF —OCF3 -CFFF —CF3 -On—OC_(n)H_(2n+1) ndm- C_(n)H_(2n+1)—HC═CH—(CH₂)_(m−1)— -ndm—(CH₂)_(n−1)—HC═CH—(CH₂)_(m−) -Ondm —O—(CH₂)_(n−1)—HC═CH— -ndm-—(CH₂)_(n−1)—HC═CH—(CH₂)_(m−1) -CN —C≡N -T- —C≡C—

Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4

The following compositions were prepared.

TABLE 2 Composition A1 Composition A2 (i-1-2.2) 35 (i-2.1) 5 (M-2.3) 5 5(M-8.12) 10 10 (M-3.2) 10 10 (M-2.5) 10 10 (M-5.2) 5 5 (M7.12) 5 5(M-1.2) 10 10 (L-7.2) 5 5 (L-1-3.1) 35 (L-4.9) 5

TABLE 3 Composition B1 Composition B2 (i-1-2.2) 20 (i-1-1.3) 3 (i-2.1)12 (ii-1.11) 10 (M-5.23) 10 10 (M-2.3) 5 5 (M-2.5) 7 7 (M-6.22) 15 15(M-1.2) 15 15 (M-8.12) 3 3 (L-1-3.1) 23 (L-4.9) 12 (L-6.4) 10

To each of the compositions prepared, a compound represented by formula(iii-2.2) was added to prepare Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples1 to 4. The physical properties of these compositions are shown below.

TABLE 4 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Example 2Composition Composition A1 Composition A2 Composition Content (%) 99.9799.97 A1 100 Formula (III-2.2) 0.03 0.03 — Content (%) Tni 90.2 86.2 Δn0.099 0.092 Δε 10.0 10.1 η 17.3 19.5 γ1 82 96 γ1/Δn² 8.3 11.3 VHR 99.499.3 99.5 VHR after 1000 h 98.3 98.2 95.8

TABLE 5 Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4Composition Composition B1 Composition B2 Composition Content (%) 99.9799.97 B1 100 Formula (III-2.2) 0.03 0.03 — Content (%) Tni 81.1 75.9 Δn0.108 0.098 Δε 8.9 10.0 γ1 67 77 γ1/Δn² 5.8 8.0 VHR 99.3 99.3 99.5 VHRafter 1000 h 98.1 98.3 96.1

The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 are each a composition thatcontains 99.97% of the composition described above and 0.03% of thecompound represented by formula (iii-2.2) serving as a compoundrepresented by general formula (ii).

The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 contain compounds represented bygeneral formulae (i) and (iii). In Comparative Examples 1 and 3, thecompound represented by general formula (i) is replaced by a similarcompound.

Examples and Comparative Examples show that the compositions accordingto the subject applications have excellent η and γ1.

In Comparative Examples 2 and 4, the compound represented by generalformula (iii) is not contained. It was found that the VHR after 1000 h,which was longer than the time of evaluation for normal VHR, wasexcellent.

Examples 3 to 5

Examples 3 to 5 were prepared by adding the compound represented byformula (iii-2.2) to the composition described below so that the contentof the compound was 0.03%.

TABLE 6 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Tni 72.5 75.4 76.2 Δn 0.111 0.0980.099 Δε 5.4 3.2 3.2 γ1 62 54 53 γ1/Δn² 5.0 5.7 5.5 (i-1-2.2) 40 45 50(i-1-1.3) 15 15 15 (ii-1.13) 5 5 5 (i-2.1) 7 7 7 (i-2.2) 7 7 7 (L-1-3.1)5 (L-6.1) 5 5 5 (M-8.52) 3 1 1 (M-1.2) 8 (M-4.2) 5 5 5 (M-3.2) 5 5 5

TABLE 7 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Tni 72.5 75.4 76.2 Δn 0.111 0.0980.099 Δε 5.4 3.2 3.2 γ1 62 54 53 γ1/Δn² 5.0 5.7 5.5 VHR 99.5 99.2 99.2VHR after 1000 h 98.1 98.2 98.3

Examples 6 to 8

Examples 6 to 8 were prepared by adding the compound represented byformula (iii-1.2) to the composition described below so that the contentof the compound was 0.03%.

Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 (i-1-2.2) 35 40 45 (i-1-1.3) 10 8 8(ii-1.13) 10 8 8 (i-2.1) 10 9 8 (L-6.1) 3 3 3 (L-6.4) 5 5 4 (ii-2.11) 55 4 (M-1.2) 5 5 4 (M-8.32) 5 5 4 (M-8.52) 1 1 1 (M-4.2) 5 5 5 (M-3.2) 66 6

TABLE 8 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Tni 80.1 79.6 77.0 Δn 0.125 0.1210.114 Δε 6.3 6.3 5.7 η 14.2 13.3 11.1 γ1 62 57 50 γ1/Δn² 4.0 3.9 3.8 VHR99.2 99.4 99.3 VHR after 1000 h 98.4 98.4 98.3

Examples 9 to 11

Examples 9 to 11 were prepared by adding the compound represented byformula (iii-2.2) to the composition described below so that the contentof the compound was 0.03%.

TABLE 9 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 (i-1-2.2) 30 40 50 (i-1-1.3) 105 5 (i-2.1) 10 10 10 (ii-2.14) 3 5 5 (M-1.2) 15 15 5 (M-4.2) 5 5 5(M-4.3) 7 5 5 (M-4.4) 5 5 5 (M-3.1) 5 5 5 (M-3.2) 5 5 5 (M-6.32) 5

TABLE 10 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Tni 76.9 77 83.7 Δn 0.117 0.1090.099 Δε 14.3 11.1 7.0 η 16.6 12.1 7.9 γ1 107 74 70 γ1/Δn² 7.9 6.3 7.2VHR 99.3 99.3 99.4 VHR after 1000 h 98.1 98.1 98.2

Examples 12 to 14

Examples 9 to 11 were prepared by adding the compound represented byformula (iii-2.2) to the composition described below so that the contentof the compound was 0.03%.

TABLE 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 (i-1-2.2) 10 15 20 (i-1-1.3)10 10 8 (i-1-2.3) 5 5 5 (i-1-2.4) 20 15 15 (i-2.1) 5 5 3 (i-2.2) 5 5 3(L-7.31) 5 5 5 (L-7.32) 5 5 5 (M-1.1) 5 5 5 (M-1.2) 5 5 5 (M-4.2) 5 5 5(M-3.2) 5 5 5 (M-6.22) 10 10 10 (M-8.2) 2 2 3 (M-8.12) 3 3 3

TABLE 12 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Tni 92.7 92.1 89.1 Δn 0.1180.117 0.115 Δε 9.4 9.5 9.8 η 22.4 21.2 20.0 γ1 147 136 127 γ1/Δn² 10.59.9 9.6 VHR 99.4 99.1 99.2 VHR after 1000 h 98.3 97.9 98.3

The evaluation of the compositions of Examples 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 areshown below.

TABLE 13 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Image-sticking A A A Drop marks 55 5 Process compatibility C C C Low-temperature solubility D D DVolatility/production facility A A A contamination property

TABLE 14 Example 6 Example 9 Example 12 Image-sticking A A A Drop marks5 5 5 Process compatibility C C C Low-temperature solubility D D DVolatility/production facility A A A contamination property

Similar results are obtained from the compositions of other Examples.This shows that the composition according to the subject application ispractically acceptable.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A composition having a positive dielectricanisotropy, the composition comprising: at least one selected from thegroup consisting of compounds represented by general formulae (i) and(ii); and at least one selected from compounds represented by generalformula (iii):

(In the formulae, R^(i1), R^(ii1), and R^(iii1) each independentlyrepresent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may eachindependently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or—OCO—, n^(i1) and n^(ii1) each represent an integer of 0 to 8, n^(i2)and n^(ii2) each represent an integer of 1 to 4, A^(i1) and A^(ii1) eachindependently represent a group selected from the group consisting of(a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent—CH₂— in this group may each be substituted with —O—) and (b) a1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent —CH═ in thisgroup may each be substituted with —N═), the group (a) and the group (b)may each independently be substituted with a cyano group, a fluorineatom, or a chlorine atom but when two or more A^(i1) and/or A^(ii1) arepresent, they may be the same or different, E^(iii1) represents —O— or—CH₂—, X^(ii1) and X^(ii2) each independently represent a hydrogen atomor a halogen, and R^(i2) and R^(ii2) each independently represent analkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and one —CH₂— or two or morenonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each independently besubstituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—).
 2. Thecomposition according to claim 1, further comprising at least onecompound represented by general formula (M):

(In the formula, R^(M1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbonatoms and one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl groupmay each independently be substituted with —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—,—COO—, or —OCO—, n^(M1) represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, A^(M1) and A^(M2)each independently represent a group selected from the group consistingof (a) a 1,4-cyclohexylene group (one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent—CH₂— in this group may each be substituted with —O— or —S—) and (b) a1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent —CH═ in thisgroup may each be substituted with —N═), hydrogen atoms in the group (a)and the group (b) may each independently be substituted with a cyanogroup, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom, Z^(M1) and Z^(M2) eachindependently represent a single bond, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—,—CH₂O—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—, —COO—, —OCO—, or —C≡C—, when n^(M1) represents2, 3, or 4 and two or more A^(M2) are present, they may be the same ordifferent and when n^(M1) represents 2, 3, or 4 and two or more Z^(M1)are present, they may be the same or different, X^(M1) and X^(M2) eachindependently represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorineatom, and Y^(M1) represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorineatom, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a fluoromethoxy group, adifluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, or a2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group).
 3. The composition according to claim 1,further comprising at least one compound represented by general formula(L):

(In the formula, R^(L1) and R^(L2) each independently represent an alkylgroup having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and one —CH₂— or two or morenonadjacent —CH₂— in the alkyl group may each independently besubstituted with —C≡C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—, n^(L1) represents 0,1, 2, or 3, A^(L1), A^(L2), and A^(L3) each independently represent agroup selected from the group consisting of (a) a 1,4-cyclohexylenegroup (one —CH₂— or two or more nonadjacent —CH₂— in this group may eachbe substituted with —O—), (b) a 1,4-phenylene group (one —CH═ or two ormore nonadjacent —CH═ in this group may each be substituted with —N═),and (c) (c) a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, or adecahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group (one —CH═ or two or more nonadjacent—CH═ in the naphthalene-2,6-diyl group or the1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group may each be substitutedwith —N═), the group (a), the group (b), and the group (c) may eachindependently be substituted with a cyano group, a fluorine atom, or achlorine atom, Z^(L1) and Z^(L2) each independently represent a singlebond, —CH₂CH₂—, —(CH₂)₄—, —OCH₂—, —CH₂O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCF₂—, —CF₂O—,—CH═N—N═CH—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, or —C≡C—, and when n^(L1) represents 2 or3 and two or more A^(L2) are present, they may be the same or different;when n^(L1) represents 2 or 3 and two or more Z^(L2) are present, theymay be the same or different; however, compounds represented by generalformulae (i), (ii), and (M) are excluded).
 4. A liquid crystal displaydevice that uses the composition according to claim
 1. 5. An IPS deviceor FFS device that uses the composition according to claim
 1. 6. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein said at least one selectedfrom the compounds represented by general formula (iii) is selected fromthe group represented by formulae (iii-1.1), (iii-1.2), (iii-1.3),(iii-1.4), (iii-2.1), (iii-2.2), (iii-2.3) and (iii-2.4):


7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein E^(iii1) represents—O—.